Latin+America

There were national problems from Failures in political democratization, economic developments, and social reforms, like in Bolivia.

Social: In the nation of Guatemala, it had very bad problems like poor health, and high mrtality. Women were denied the right to vote until until 1929 in Ecuador. By the 1950s, most regions had female franchises. There were feminist movements for women to be elected. Industrial work started to includee women. There was a slow development towards the attitude of women.In the begining of the 21st centurythe status of women were concern. The population of Latin America soared tath by the bginning of the 20th century, ther was a major trend of immigrants into Latin America. (Long-term immigration) There were illegal immigrations to the US> There was a rapid urban growth that im 1999, the region was the most urbanized. Latin Americans were often Catholic, but there were moves for Protestant. Music and dance became important in popular culture and had woldwide infleunced. Writers gained world regnition, especially those who social critized "magical realsim".

Political: Independence from foreign rule. Authoritarian from in Brazil and Argentina, Peron. Military leaders losted control, like in Argentina and was discredited/ turned bad. Mexico was controlled by the Party of Institutionalized Revolution in last decades of the 20th century was corrupt. There were guerilla movements calling themselves the Zapatistas in 1994 cuased of unsolved social issues. They joined the North American Free Trade Agreemen to spur Mexican industry and close to US politically and economically. In 200, National Action party took over. In Boliva, Guatemala, and Cuba there were revolutionaries to change government and society. Mexican "Revolution was more aimed at social justice. Venezuela and Coast Rica, reform-minded democratic parties. There was a socialist nature, radical unrest after the Cold War In Cuba, Batista ruled and promised reforms and such. Fidel Castro was one of his oppenents who pledged for real democract, justic, and prosperity. Castro and Che Guevara gained the control of Cuba and overthrow Bastista. Castro established silimar to the USSR, collective farms, confiscation of propoerty and communist system. They established the the Cuban Missile Crsis the United States failed to revein. In Latin America people were often infleunced by the Cathiloc church. There wee liberation theology that combined Catholic and social lifeas to promote change, but it was critized by pope John pual II. After the fall of Paraguay's dictatorship in 1980s, the chutch played an important role. People were worried and impressed by the Cuban Revolution's sucess, but they feared chands to communism. millitary officials saw then as above others who good solve nationa's ill. Many leaders in Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Urigauy, and Peru had military-based rulers with a repressive authritarian inclne, supported by the US. In the 1970s and 1980s, there was an increase of democratization in many Latin American countries like Peru. There leftist rebels who still wanted communism, Cuba had few restrictions. By the 1990s there democratic trend was established. After WWI, the US was the dominant force ib the western hemisphere.US co,mpanries privately invested and loans were given to South America. The Us often intervened in South America, 30 occured in 1933, based ob economical, political, stragic and ideological. The had policies like the US Good Neighbor polict and the Alliance for progress in the 1960s to make less tension. In the Us built the Panamia Canal, but the countries dictotship was overthrown by US forces. Nationalist and populist politics weakened its ability to operate effective among the working class and in politics.

Economical: Latin American economic grew from wartime demands. In Guatemala, its economical life was based on coffee and bananas, highly volatitile prices. Reform became president, Juan Jose Arevalo. He had a series of programs with spiritual socialism in land refroms and industrial workers. The United Fruit Company was the largest and most important foreign concern. In 1951, president Jacobo Arbenz and more radical programs for transportation Cuba began the main export for sugar and had a good economical life.There was a seperation between the middle and lower economic classes, still with national problems. All the regimes were nationalistic and had economical problems with little or no result. There was continuous struggle, common with inflation.

Change Analysis Chart: Key Changes || Basic Features at the End of the Period || Causes and effects || New nations formed rebpublic government with different types. The church began a critcal issues. There were only a few places with general stablity like in Chile and Brazil, for most of Latin America still had government unresolved. There political policies similiar to those of the U.S. The US intervened with Mexican affairs. There was populist rule in Argentina || The United States often seemed to intervene in Latin politics. After the independent movements, there often times many dictorship rule. Often weak political life. || There communist rule like that in Cuba. In Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Urigary and Peru thee were military cuased ruler with repressive authroitarian rule. Mmany countries wanted to democraizy e in the 1970s and 1980s like Peru. The US often intervened in the politics of South America. Nationalist and poplitics were weakened. || || The church was critized and began less controlling. Movements towards democracy in places like Peru, new government. ||^  ||^   || Only in the eilte were their trends of European intellectual and artistic life. Women gained little ground in the 19th century. More educated women gained some rights New nations were based ov color and ethicity. (A small Creole elite) Latin America had rigid social structures. || || There were poor health, bad conditions (social life) in the nation of Guatemala. Women gained many rights, like voting, women to be elected, industrial work and a change in the attitude toward women. The population in Americ soared, there many immigrants. Latin American who were often Catholic had moves towards Protestant. Music and dance became popular in culture. || || Different movements for religion. ||^  ||^   ||
 * || Theme || Basic features at beginning of period || Key Continuities
 * || Theme || Basic features at beginning of period || Key Continuities
 * Political || There were unhails for a change for independence in Latin America like the Haiti Revolution and Brazil.
 * ^  ||^   || There was movements of communist in some parts.
 * Social || There were social tensions.
 * ^  ||^   || Women slowly gained rights in voting and such. (Politcal rights)