20th+century+Nationalism

**Middle East**
 * India**
 * Africa**

**2.Read 647-649** outline the causes of the First World War __World War II__ By 1914, there were diplomatic tensions between the major European powers that has steadily increased from generation. In the beginning of 1890s, the colonoal rivalries and arms races led to the formation of two increasingly hostile alliances. There was Germany's growing economics and military power driven out the Russians to first ally with the France and then the British. The Germans were a growing power that interfered with its western neighbors, France. The French hoped with to ally with Russia, in hopes it would lead to a two-front war and brake Germany's rising supremacy and allow France to recover Alsace and Lorriaine. (France lost it in the Franco-Prussian Wat of 1870) Britain joined the Russians and French to form the Triple Entente in the earl 1900s. The Triple Entente powers increasing were confronted by counteralliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy that became known as the central powers.

Germany moved away from a defensive triple alliance with Russia and Austria-Hungary, becoming more dependent on the later after the accession of Kaiser Wilhelm. The Germans wanted Italy in the coalition with promises of support for its efforts at colonial expansion. Italy remained in the role as a Central powers, but its tentative and liable shifted with changing international circumstances since it did not like Austria-Hungary. Italian ambivalence refused to support the Central powers and entered the conflict in 1915 on the side of the Triple Entente.

Most of the European powers had been involved in oversea empire-building and equated the idea of prestige of "great power" status with colonial possession. Rivalries heightened nationalist sentiments in each country. In the 1900, there was much greater tensions in the European diplomatic system from the scramble for the few unclaimed areas.France maneuvered annex Morocco its north African colonies, the Germans disapproved. They tried to wage a war if French advance continuedThere was a second international crises over Morocco in 1911.

Imperialist rivalries solidified the growing divisions between the two alliance fed the jiongoism, warlike nationalist sentiments that led to much of the coming of the war. Most of the European leaders were eager to compete for imcreased territories and obsession to keep out advancing rivals from their country's expenses.

Imperialism and the alliance system were linked to more intense and costly arm races. (Naval rivalry being the most apparent and fiercely contested) German built a navy that could threaten Britain's sea control was one of the reasons for Britain's move for military cooperation with the French and Russians.New, huge warships and German ship building in response, kept naval rivalry constant. Serious hopes for arm limitation faded. Armies grew steadily in firepower and size, and practiced massive maneuvers ready for a general war. The military buildup led to war, the German military in particular pushed for a preemptive strike before army reforms in Russia made it too powerful to overcome.

Diplomatic and military competition ties foreign policy led to the rapidly increasing domestic tension.All the major industrial nations and developing industrializing nations faced growing labor unrest after 1900. There was a growth of trade unions and votes for socialist parties strikes that mounted steadily in the decade and half before 1914. The business classes and political elites were alarmed by these challenges to their dominance and sought for diplomatic successes and confrontation to sevre as a distraction. British minster and German kaiser appealed for labor peace for national unity in the face of threats. Those in power supported military buildups since they provided employment for the working class and hugh profts to industrialists.

The mounting tensions and rivalry of decades was increasingly centered on the Balkans before 1914. The Balkan area had a complex ethnic division and interstate rivalries that mirrored Europe's growing crisis. In July 1914, Gavriel Princip, a Serbian nationalist assassinated the heir apparent to the Austria-Hungarian throne, **Archduke Ferdinand** and his wife in **Sarajevo**, the administrative center of the Bosnian province of the Austrian empire. The Austro-Hungarians listed the many demads that were impossible for the Serbs to accede without giving their nation's sovereignty. They were determined to end the decades of Serbian challenges, forcing war.

The Russians decided to support their Slavic brethren in Serbia if war was to break with Austria. The alliance systems came into quick play. With months of the confrontation the two blocs formed a regional war among the Balkan states and their Austrian or Russian backers in the threat of a general European war. Inept diplomacy and widespread sense of resination to the eventual outbreak to war by the late July 1914.

Most times leaders regards to mobilization applied diplomatic pressures, but for Germans mobilization meant war. In the 1890s, the Germans devised a plan to first attack the west and defeat France before turning to the more backwards and slower to mobilize, Russians in the east. When Russia mobilized against German, they moved to neutral Belgium and p ut an all-out assault on France.The British jumped into the war to help Belgium and then Japan. The British-ruled colonial territories were brought directly into the war. Europe consumed by a general war was rapidly spread to other parts of the world.

[|http://freepages.military.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~worldwarone/WWI/TheGeographyOfTheGreatWar/images/Figure1-WorldAtlas-large.jp] 3. Copy the image above into your wiki and complete a brief **"I See/It Means"** below it.

2. People that look afraid and look like they are army officials on top of the pot. They look as if they are waiting for something to happen 3. There seem too many fuses from the pot. 4. The people in the picture seem like they are different. || 1. It puts the idea that war was on the brink of war, ready to start any moment. There was a build up for several decades; it was finally centered in the Balkans. 2. Many nations tried to prevent the war, but when the Germans mobilized, the war started. 3. The fuses symbolized how the war could/ did spread to other nations. Once one nation in the war, their alliances would be in the war. 4. The difference in the people shows the nations that were involved. || 4. Read the 14 Points points by Woodrow Wilson found here:@http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/President_Wilson%27s_Fourteen_Points
 * I See || It means ||
 * 1. Boiling water pot, it says the boiling point. The top of the pot looks unstable, hence boiling. It said Balkan trouble

5. Answer the following questions in your wiki - Start at "It will be our wish..." (10th paragraph) A just and worldly peace. > > The main objective of Wilson's 14 points were to show other nations what the United states felt should be in the post of World War I. Wilson mainly showed what her thought should be done for the European nations, only briefly mentioning imperialistic nations. He also wanted to show that America was not in the war but would be a major force in a treaty. He thought of the creation of the league of nations " for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike".
 * How does the introduction relate to the causes of WWI?
 * Secret alliances Belgium, France, British, and such were the Central Powers caused war in Europe. The day of conquest and aggrandizement is gone by; so is also the day of secret covenants entered into in the interest of particular governments and likely at some unlooked-for moment to upset the peace of the world. Germany was constantly growing strong, threaten. Nations like the Germans and such had secret plans. the Germans intended to go through Belgium to get to France and invaded them. The time of conquest of oversea nations was over, Europeans nations out more of an emphasis on their naval and military powers. Each nation tried to beat each other. In much of the European nations, there was a lot of rivalries and not peace and justice. Many nations started have more nationalism. The nationalism of the Balkan people led to the death of the Archduke Ferdinand.
 * What does Wilson suggest was the reason for American entry into the war?
 * He wanted to help Russia. Make the war safer for democracy. There was colonial want for better economics. Self-determination. America enter the war since there were violations of rights that effected Americans. It effected them to the point it hard to live and to have the world secure from recurrence. They want to make the world was safer and peaceful place to live in and saw themselves as the powerful nation that could do so. (Every nation) They wanted to secure the justice of people against the force and selfish aggression. It is a program for world peace.
 * How would you summarize the main objectives of the 14 Points?
 * It was more ideal that practically. We do not wish to fight her either with arms or with hostile arrangements of trade if she is willing to associate herself with us and the other peace- loving nations of the world in covenants of justice and law and fair dealing. We wish her only to accept a place of equality among the peoples of the world, -- the new world in which we now live, -- instead of a place of mastery.
 * How might the colonies of Britain and France react to the 14 points?
 * The France reacted positively towards the 14 points, the French widely disliked the Germans invading their lands through Belgium. They wanted to regain their land. The British were probably disliking of the 14 points. For a long time, Britain were the ones to control the seas and place strict trading barriers among nations. Both most likely disliked the point that their should be colonial claims in the interest of the inhabitants. They did not want to abided by their thoughts.